Pacific Standard May-June 2013 Cover

The Manly Origins of Cheerleading

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You might be surprised to learn that at its inception in the mid-1800s cheerleading was an all-male sport. Characterized by gymnastics, stunts, and crowd leadership, cheerleading was considered equivalent in prestige to an American flagship of masculinity, football. As the editors of Nation saw it in 1911: "The reputation of having been a valiant 'cheer-leader' is one of the most valuable things a boy can take away from college. As a title to promotion in professional or public life, it ranks hardly second to that of having been a quarterback." Indeed, cheerleading helped launch the ... Read More

Shaved Heads: Less Attractive But More Powerful

Men: Do you want to project an aura of confidence, strength and overall masculinity? You could experiment with testosterone supplements, or study the swagger of Don Draper during a Mad Men marathon. Or you could just shave your head. Three newly published studies “provide consistent evidence that a shaved scalp is associated with dominance,” according to Albert Mannes of the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School. Writing in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, he reports that, at least in U.S. culture, a lack of hair connotes a forceful, assertive ... Read More

Accidental Deaths Linked to Macho Code of Honor

Be a man! That pointed phrase, often offered as a rebuke, means pretty much the same thing the world over. Be strong. Don't back down. Show some courage. What does differ from one culture to another is how seriously such admonitions are taken. In more macho societies, challenges to one's manhood — such as being the recipient of ridicule for avoiding risky behavior — must not go unanswered. And the results can literally be deadly. For evidence of this, you don’t have to go to Mexico or Argentina. Mississippi or Alabama will do. In a newly published study, three University of ... Read More

Wonking Week: Dirty Laundry

The embarrassed admission by Congressman Anthony Weiner of his Twitter indiscretions is the latest example of the problems that arise when power meets irresponsibility — especially among powerful male politicians. In this podcast — completed shortly before Weiner-gate broke — Wonking Week hosts Jessica Hilo and Tom Jacobs discuss the foibles of men of power and definitions of masculinity as presented on Miller-McCune.com over the years. In the second half of the podcast, Idea Lobby blogger Emily Badger talks about the Federal Communications Commission, which some have described as a ... Read More

Putting the MEN in Menu

We all know that real men don’t eat quiche. But their antipathy for the inoffensive egg dish has more to do with symbolism than taste or texture. As a recent article on Salon.com points out, many food items are associated with one gender or the other. While hormones may play a role in some choices, the fact these preferences differ from one culture to another suggests the phenomenon is mainly a matter of socialization. Boys learn at an early age that certain foods (red meat, beer) are associated with masculinity, while others (fish, vegetables, yogurt) are considered feminine. Eating ... Read More

Academic Research Does Not Take Holidays Off

We gather together some of the more provocative papers of recent years, which are guaranteed to enliven the dinner table by providing fresh fodder for family squabbles. Genocide, With Stuffing and Gravy Anthropologist Janet Siskind of Rutgers University views the Thanksgiving holiday in sociopolitical terms in her 1992 paper “The Invention of Thanksgiving.” The traditional gathering, she writes, “subtly expresses and reaffirms values and assumptions about cultural and social unity, about identity and history, about inclusion and exclusion.” She views the holiday, which ritually ... Read More

‘Fly’-ing to Safety

You sidle up, catlike, concealing the fly swatter, hoping your shadow won’t give you away, not when the blasted bug has finally stopped buzzing, right there on the wall, at a reachable height, if you can just catch it off-guard … THWACK! And just as you condescend to check the swatter — for surely no beast could survive such a hammer blow — you hear the telltale, mocking sound: buzz, buzz, buzz. The fly has lived another day (or two). How do they get away? A new study from the California Institute of Technology, where researchers analyzed high-resolution, high-speed imaging of fruit ... Read More