Pacific Standard March-April 2013 Cover

Update: Many Malaria Meds Still Fake, and Now the Real Ones Are Iffy Too

Mosquito sucking blood

Over the summer we we reported the curious story behind a National Institutes of Health study, which had found a third of malaria medications taken around the world are fake. Most commentary on the research intimated that unscrupulous, large, likely Chinese pharmaceutical companies were to blame. It turned out the dummy pills were actually produced by small criminal syndicates, shoestring counterfeit operations run in garages and back rooms, pushing fake meds in convincing packaging to customers in their own communities. Fortunately, none of this would matter soon, we thought—because a ... Read More

China Arrests 2000 in Fake Meds Bust

Here's an interesting postscript to our story on fake malaria meds: a report out of Beijing this morning says Chinese officials have rounded up 2000 people it says are involved in the fake pharmaceuticals racket. Rob Schmitz at Marketplace reported a few hours ago that the arrests involved members of "two dozen crime organizations involved in making nearly $200 million worth of drugs." However, he also quotes a Chinese observer noting that these sorts of round-ups may be more PR than police work. The general tone of the report squares with what we found in our look at the ... Read More

The Bitterest Pill: Maybe China Isn’t Counterfeiting Drugs

Bitterest Pill

Are unscrupulous pharmaceutical companies in China and India really to blame for fake malaria pills showing up in Asia and Africa? Probably not. This past May, the prestigious medical journal The Lancet published findings that 30 percent of 1,700 malaria pills tested in Southeast Asia and West Africa didn’t work. In one-in-three cases, a box labeled as treatment for the mosquito-borne plague actually contained pills made with inert chemicals, expired active ingredients, or ingredients cut to stretch one pill into several—enough to fill the box, each scantly more medicinal than an ... Read More

Turning Cellphones Into Mobile Microscopes

You can use your cellphone to take pictures, get driving directions, and free imprisoned angry birds. And perhaps soon, analyze microscopic blood samples. Three separate University of California research teams have each concocted a new technology that converts just about any handset with a decent camera into a mobile microscope. That’s a development that could have a huge impact on medicine in developing countries-allowing health care workers in shantytowns and rural villages far from a hospital to diagnose malaria, HIV, and other diseases on the spot. All three teams of UC researchers ... Read More

Malaria Vaccine Gives Debate Shot in the Arm

The fight against malaria has always featured a side controversy over whether the search for a vaccine — which always seemed a little pie-in-the-sky — sucked out some of the oxygen (read money) for more practical efforts like pesticide-infused bed netting. (Writer Karen Schmidt described such things as “Everyday Miracles” for us two years ago.) Given that most diseases that primarily hurt those in the developing world are pretty much ignored in the industrialized world, the dispute by well-meaning people was always a trifle unusual. Then the search for the malaria vaccine was ... Read More

The AIDS Funding Dilemma

violence

Dr. Jerome Kabakyenga has just walked a pair of visitors through a pair of vividly different Ugandan hospital laboratories — one ultramodern, the other an outdated relic. In the first, highly trained technicians investigate blood samples using a battery of high-throughput computerized systems. The brightly lit, air-conditioned facility is spotless. In the second lab on Kabakyenga's tour, there's little equipment beyond a clutter of microscopes, a pair of old refrigerators and a few centrifuges. The technicians here depend on daylight from a set of dusty windows, one of which is cracked. As ... Read More

Stopping Malaria With a Chastity Belt

Meddling with the sex lives of malarial mosquitoes could stop the spread of the disease. A recent study of Anopheles gambiae conducted at London’s Imperial College found that a “male mating plug” particular to these malaria-transmitting mosquitoes is the key to their reproduction — and possibly, therefore, to their control. Scientists discovered that altering the male mating plug prevents its formation. Without this plug the female mosquito cannot be properly inseminated and cannot store the sperm in her sperm storage organ, a repository she draws on for a lifetime of egg laying. ... Read More

Sharing Malaria with the African Thicket Rat

Until now, the most deadly form of malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum, has been linked to the disease in chimpanzees, with the two similar strains thought to have diverged around the same time as humans and chimps did on the evolutionary timeline. And that's been difficult to verify, in part because the malarial form in chimpanzees and people bears such little resemblance to the disease in other animals. But a new phylogenetic analysis — based on the amplification of entire mitochondrial genomes of malarial parasites that feed on humans, rodents, birds and lizards -- suggests ... Read More

A New Hope for Human Malaria Vaccine

Every day in Africa alone, 2000 children die from malaria, as biting mosquitoes spread the infection between humans. And despite years of working toward a vaccine, scientists have been unable to unleash a suitably potent weapon against the disease. But now, Dutch researchers have characterized a large number of parasite proteins that could prove useful in the development of a human malaria vaccine. Details were published in the Oct. 31 issue of the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens. According to the study, after being injected by a mosquito, parasites migrate to the liver, where they ... Read More