Pacific Standard March-April 2013 Cover

Anxiety, Depression High Among Young Heavy Metal Fans

rage-against-machine

How would you characterize adolescents who listen to heavy metal music? Angry? Perhaps prone to violence? Newly published research suggests “anxious” and “depressed” are more accurate adjectives. An analysis of 551 college students found “significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression among listeners of heavy metal/hard rock music, as compared with non-listeners.” Furthermore, their underlying level of anger was not significantly different from their peers who prefer other musical genres. The study, conducted by psychologists Gavin Ryan Shafron of Columbia ... Read More

For Children, TV Commercials Are a Catalyst to Materialism

tv-kid-commercial

Concerned that your kids are becoming overly materialistic? Suspicious that their acquisitiveness has something to do with the steady stream of television commercials they see on a daily basis? Newly published research suggests your fears are well-grounded. A study of 8- to 11-year-olds from the Netherlands finds exposure to television advertising has “a positive causal effect on materialism.” Researchers led by Suzanna Opree of the University of Amsterdam identify an insidious equation: Ads exacerbate kids’ desire for material things, and this desire gradually leads them to equate ... Read More

Across Cultures, Music Therapy Promotes Sounder Sleep

counting-sheep

Music does more than soothe the savage beast. It also provides relief for the irritated insomniac. That’s the conclusion of a just-published meta-analysis by Chinese researchers, who examined 10 studies conducted on three continents. Across the globe, they report, sweet sounds induce sound slumber. “Music appears to be effective in treating acute and chronic sleep disorders,” writes the research team, led by Chun-Fang Wang of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at Pingjin Hospital in Tianjin. “It is low-cost and safe, and could be used to improve sleep quality in various ... Read More

Could Sober Eyewitnesses Be Less Reliable Than Intoxicated Ones?

drunk-eyewitness

Members of the jury: Surely you can’t believe that witness who says he saw my client fleeing the scene of the crime. After all, he admits he was intoxicated! A recently published study from Sweden suggests that defense-attorney argument may be less valid than it sounds. A research team led by University of Gothenburg psychologist Angelica Hagsand had 123 people watch a film depicting a staged kidnapping. One-third had just consumed a strong drink of Absolut vodka and pulp-free orange juice. Another third had consumed a weaker version of the same concoction, while the remainder stayed ... Read More

‘Let’s Work Together’ Message Can Be Counterproductive

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When it comes to climate change, we’re all in this dilemma together, and forcefully addressing it will require collaboration and cooperation. A stirring sentiment, but if you’re looking to spur white Americans to action, it’s actually counterproductive. That’s the conclusion of a Stanford University research team, which found invoking the idea of interdependence undermined the motivation of European-American students to take a course in environmental sustainability. The researchers, led by MarYam Hamedani of Stanford’s Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, argue ... Read More

In 2013, MLB Races May Go Down to the Wire

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The 2013 Major League Baseball season promises to be close and exciting, with highly competitive races in five out of the six divisions. That’s the prediction of mathematician Bruce Bukiet, who uses a complex formula to project how many regular-season games each team will win. An associate dean at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Bukiet has done quite well with his predictions over the past decade (although last year, he largely whiffed). For this season, he predicts only one blowout race: The American League Central Division will be dominated by the Detroit Tigers. He predicts ... Read More

Spreading Racism via Facebook

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Is Facebook a particularly powerful medium to spread racist messages? That’s the disturbing implication of a newly published study. “Frequent users are particularly disposed to be influenced by negative racial messages,” psychologists Shannon Rauch and Kimberley Schanz write in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. They argue these heavy users log onto the site in search of social inclusion rather than information—and as such, they’re prone to express agreement with the material they see without thinking about it too deeply. This combination of “a need to connect and an ... Read More

Mindfulness Training Boosts Test Scores

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Studies reporting the benefits of mindfulness training keep rolling in—not quite with the regularity of those distracting thoughts that keep popping up in your head, but at a good clip nonetheless. The latest, from a team at the University of California, Santa Barbara, reports even a short, two-week course in focusing the mind can lead to immediate, tangible results: higher scores on tests measuring reasoning and comprehension. “Our results suggest that cultivating mindfulness is an effective and efficient technique for improving cognitive function, with wide-reaching ... Read More

Pills Fight Pain — And You Don’t Even Have to Take Them

Ibuprofen

Looking for a simple way to raise your pain threshold? Grab a bottle of ibuprofen … and then put it back down, unopened. Newly published research suggests your brain will do the rest. A study that builds upon seminal research from a decade ago “demonstrates that objects in the environment can nonconsciously decrease pain sensitivity,” according to psychologists Abraham Rutchick of California State University, Northridge and Michael Slepian of Stanford University. This understanding could eventually lead to “efficient clinical interventions,” they write in the online journal ... Read More

Placebo Effect Produces Higher Test Scores

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Scientists are increasingly convinced of the power of the placebo effect. Believing that one is receiving treatment when you're not—say, in the form of a pill that supposedly contains a powerful drug that is actually just sugar—can produce surprisingly strong results, at least for some patients, some of the time. Newly published research suggests a placebo process can produce a similarly positive outcome for test-takers. In short, the belief that you have access to the answers makes it more likely you will get them right. “People have powerful psychological resources to deal with ... Read More